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1 air transport operations officer
Военный термин: офицер по управлению транспортной авиациейУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > air transport operations officer
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2 air transport operations officer
English-Russian military dictionary > air transport operations officer
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3 officer
офицер; должностное лицо; сотрудник; укомплектовывать офицерским составом; командоватьAir officer, Administration, Strike Command — Бр. начальник административного управления командования ВВС в Великобритании
Air officer, Engineering, Strike Command — Бр. начальник инженерно-технического управления командования ВВС в Великобритании
Air officer, Maintenance, RAF Support Command — Бр. начальник управления технического обслуживания командования тыла ВВС
Air officer, Training, RAF Support Command — начальник управления подготовки ЛС командования тыла ВВС
assistant G3 plans officer — помощник начальника оперативного отдела [отделения] по планированию
Flag officer, Germany — командующий ВМС ФРГ
Flag officer, Naval Air Command — Бр. командующий авиацией ВМС
Flag officer, Submarines — Бр. командующий подводными силами ВМС
float an officer (through personnel channels) — направлять личное дело офицера (в различные кадровые инстанции);
General officer Commanding, Royal Marines — Бр. командующий МП
General officer Commanding, the Artillery Division — командир артиллерийской дивизии (БРА)
landing zone (aircraft) control officer — офицер по управлению авиацией в районе десантирования (ВДВ)
officer, responsible for the exercise — офицер, ответственный за учение (ВМС)
Principal Medical officer, Strike Command — Бр. начальник медицинской службы командования ВВС в Великобритании
Senior Air Staff officer, Strike Command — Бр. НШ командования ВВС в Великобритании
senior officer, commando assault unit — Бр. командир штурмового отряда «коммандос»
senior officer, naval assault unit — Бр. командир военно-морского штурмового отряда
senior officer, naval build-up unit — Бр. командир военно-морского отряда наращивания сил десанта
senior officer, present — старший из присутствующих начальников
senior officer, Royal Artillery — Бр. старший начальник артиллерии
senior officer, Royal Engineers — Бр. старший начальник инженерных войск
short service term (commissioned) officer — Бр. офицер, призываемый на кратковременную службу; офицер, проходящий службу по краткосрочному контракту
tactical air officer (afloat) — офицер по управлению ТА поддержки (морского) десанта (на корабле управления)
The Dental officer, US Marine Corps — начальник зубоврачебной службы МП США
The Medical officer, US Marine Corps — начальник медицинской службы МП США
— burial supervising officer— company grade officer— education services officer— field services officer— fire prevention officer— general duty officer— information activities officer— logistics readiness officer— regular commissioned officer— security control officer— supply management officer— transportation officer— water supply officer* * * -
4 офицер по управлению транспортной авиацией
Military: air transport operations officerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > офицер по управлению транспортной авиацией
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5 ATLO
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6 ATLO
ATLO, acceptance test and launch operations————————ATLO, air transport liaison officer————————ATLO, ATAF ACS for LogisticsEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > ATLO
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7 center
центр; пункт; пост; узел; середина; научпо-иселсдовагсльскпй центр, НИЦ; выводить на середину; арт. корректировать; центрировать;air C3 center — центр руководства, управления и связи ВВС
general supply (commodity) center — центр [пункт] снабжения предметами общего предназначения
hard launch (operations) control center — ркт. центр [пункт] управления пуском, защищенный от (поражающих факторов) ЯВ
launch (operations) control center — ркт. пункт управления стартового комплекса [пуском ракет]
tactical fighter weapons (employment development) center — центр разработки способов боевого применения оружия истребителей ТА
— all-sources intelligence center— C center— combat control center— educational center— logistical operations center— logistics services center— operational center— secured communications center— skill development center -
8 operation
операция; кампания; боевые [военные] действия; бой; сражение; эксплуатация; обслуживание; работа; pl. оперативное управление [отдел, отделение]; см. тж. action, battle, combatcounter C3 operation — операция [действия] против систем руководства, управления и связи [оперативного управления и связи]
counternaval forces naval operation (in closed or open offshore areas) — морская операция по разгрому ВМС противника (в закрытых или прилегающих к побережью открытых морских районах)
— breaching operation— exploitation-type operation— guarding security operations— missile operations— tactical operations— urban ized operations* * * -
9 section
секция; отдел, отделение; расчет; участок; сечение; профиль; разрез; часть; звено; отсек; орудие; ( авиационный) отрядair movement (traffic) section — Бр. отделение воздушных перевозок
collection, identification and evacuation section — секция сбора, опознания и эвакуации раненых и убитых
works section, RE — Бр. инженерно-строительная секция
— ammunition supply section— cable-laying section— chemical warfare section— countermortar radar section— launching section— light armor section* * *• секция -
10 ATO
1) Общая лексика: air tasking order (USAF DoD term)2) Авиация: Air Tasking Order (Frag)-Assigns air-to-air and air-to-surface targets, TOTS, and mission support information, aborted take off3) Американизм: Anti Terrorist Organization4) Военный термин: Air Target Officer, Air Tasking Order, Allied Travel Office, action technical order, air task order, air training officer, air transport officer, airborne tactical officer, aircraft technical order, ammunition technical officer, area traffic officer, assisted takeoff, aviation test office6) Сокращение: Abort-To-Orbit, Actual Time Over, Aircraft Transfer Order, Alpha Tau Omega, Ammunition Technical Officer (UK), Assisted Take-Off, Abort To Orbit (NASA, Shuttle), Abort To Orbit (Shuttle abort plan)7) Электроника: Antimony Tin Oxide (сурьмяно-оловянный оксид)8) Вычислительная техника: analog test output, assemble-to-order, Abort To Orbit (Shuttle abort plan, Space)9) Транспорт: Air Traffic Operations Service, Automatic Take Off, Automatic Train Operation, Automatic Transmission Out10) Воздухоплавание: Air Transfer Order11) Налоги: Australian Taxation Office12) СМИ: Are They On13) Деловая лексика: Assembled To Order14) Медицинская техника: auto tissue optimization (автоматическая оптимизация изображения (функция аппарата УЗИ))15) Безопасность: authorization to operate, разрешение на проведение транзакции, разрешение эксплуатации, санкционирование выполнения операции, санкционирование транзакции, санкционирование эксплуатации16) NYSE. Atmos Energy Corporation -
11 ato
1) Общая лексика: air tasking order (USAF DoD term)2) Авиация: Air Tasking Order (Frag)-Assigns air-to-air and air-to-surface targets, TOTS, and mission support information, aborted take off3) Американизм: Anti Terrorist Organization4) Военный термин: Air Target Officer, Air Tasking Order, Allied Travel Office, action technical order, air task order, air training officer, air transport officer, airborne tactical officer, aircraft technical order, ammunition technical officer, area traffic officer, assisted takeoff, aviation test office6) Сокращение: Abort-To-Orbit, Actual Time Over, Aircraft Transfer Order, Alpha Tau Omega, Ammunition Technical Officer (UK), Assisted Take-Off, Abort To Orbit (NASA, Shuttle), Abort To Orbit (Shuttle abort plan)7) Электроника: Antimony Tin Oxide (сурьмяно-оловянный оксид)8) Вычислительная техника: analog test output, assemble-to-order, Abort To Orbit (Shuttle abort plan, Space)9) Транспорт: Air Traffic Operations Service, Automatic Take Off, Automatic Train Operation, Automatic Transmission Out10) Воздухоплавание: Air Transfer Order11) Налоги: Australian Taxation Office12) СМИ: Are They On13) Деловая лексика: Assembled To Order14) Медицинская техника: auto tissue optimization (автоматическая оптимизация изображения (функция аппарата УЗИ))15) Безопасность: authorization to operate, разрешение на проведение транзакции, разрешение эксплуатации, санкционирование выполнения операции, санкционирование транзакции, санкционирование эксплуатации16) NYSE. Atmos Energy Corporation -
12 vehicle
средство передвижения; транспортное средство; подвижное средство; боевая машина, БМ; летательный аппарат, ЛА; см. тж. car, truckair cushion landing vehicle, assault — десантно-высадочное средство на воздушной подушке; десантный АВП
armored cavalry (assault) vehicle — бронированная разведывательная машина, БРМ
armoured vehicle, RE — Бр. саперный танк
assault vehicle, RE — Бр. десантно-высадочное средство инженерных войск
AT (guided) missile launch vehicle — БМ для пуска ПТУР; самоходный ПТРК
C2 vehicle — машина управления (войсками); (командно-) штабная машина
double air cushion vehicle, assault — десантный корабль на двойной воздушной подушке
landing vehicle, assault — десантно-высадочное средство; плавающий БТР на воздушной подушке
landing vehicle, hydrofoil — десантный КПК
landing vehicle, tank, engineer — десантный саперный танк
landing vehicle, track, armored — десантный (плавающий) гусеничный БТР
landing vehicle, track, covered — крытый десантный плавающий гусеничный транспортер
landing vehicle, tracked, engineer — десант ная гусеничная инженерная машина
landing vehicle, tracked, heavy — тяжелый десантный плавающий гусеничный транспортер
landing vehicle, tracked, howitzer — десантная гусеничная гаубичная СУ
landing vehicle, tracked, personnel — десантная гусеничная машина для ЛС
landing vehicle, tracked, recovery — десантная гусеничная ремонтно-эвакуационная машина
mine-clearing vehicle, flail-type — танк [танковый тягач] с бойковым тралом
mine-clearing vehicle, plow-pushing — танк [танковый тягач] с передним плужным минным тралом
mine-clearing vehicle, roller — танк [танковый тягач] с Катковым минным тралом
terminally guided (maneuvering) reentry vehicle — ркт. маневрирующая ГЧ с наведением на конечном участке траектории
— administrative use vehicle— bacteriological bomb vehicle— boost-glide reentry vehicle— flamethrower vehicle— ground-supported vehicle— launcher vehicle— logistical air vehicle— logistical vehicle— maintenance assistance vehicle— MarineCorps landing vehicle— oversize load vehicle— ship-to-shore assault vehicle— support armored vehicle— topographic surveying vehicle— troop-carryingair vehicle— wader-swimmer combat vehicle -
13 school
Civil Affairs Administration [Training] school — школа [училище] специалистов по связям с гражданской администрацией и населением
jungle warfare (training) school — школа [курсы] подготовки (ЛС) для действий в джунглях
small arms (firing) school — школа [курсы] стрелковой подготовки
— administrative service school— basic-level service school— career-level service school— gunnery training school— intermediate-level service school— military training school— NBC defense school— top-level service school -
14 SATO
1) Военный термин: Sail Across The Ocean, Scheduled Airline Ticket Office, Southern Atlantic Treaty Organization, strategic air transport operation, supply and transportation operations, synthetic aircraft turbine oil3) Сокращение: Scheduled Airline Ticket Office (government travel), Senior Ammunition Technical Officer (UK), South Atlantic Treaty Organization -
15 Sato
1) Военный термин: Sail Across The Ocean, Scheduled Airline Ticket Office, Southern Atlantic Treaty Organization, strategic air transport operation, supply and transportation operations, synthetic aircraft turbine oil3) Сокращение: Scheduled Airline Ticket Office (government travel), Senior Ammunition Technical Officer (UK), South Atlantic Treaty Organization -
16 unit
организационная единица; боевая единица (напр. корабль, ЛА танк); подразделение; часть; соединение; расчетно-снабженческая единица; секция; орган; элемент; комплект; агрегат; установка; см. тж. elementbulk petrol (transport) unit — Бр. часть [подразделение] подвоза наливного (бестарного) горючего
counter C3 unit — часть [подразделение] подавления системы оперативного управления и связи
Fleet Marine (Corps) reconnaissance unit — разведывательное подразделение [часть] флотских сил МП
multisensor (AA) firing unit 3PK — с приборным комплексом из нескольких систем обнаружения и сопровождения
photo (graphic) reconnaissance unit — фоторазведывательная часть [подразделение]
surface-launched unit, fuel air explosive — установка дистанционного разминирования объемным взрывом
surface-launched unit, mine — установка дистанционного минирования
tactical (air) control unit — часть [подразделение] управления ТА
war (time) strength (TOE) unit — часть, укомплектованная по штатам военного времени
— air unit— ASA unit— BM unit— border operation unit— car unit— depot support unit— dry unit— EW unit— GM unit— host country unit— HQ unit— logistics support unit— manpack radio unit— marksmanship training unit— mechanized infantry unit— missile-armed unit— nuclear weapon unit— provisional unit— QM unit— Rangers unit— supported unit— TOE unit— transportation unit— truck transport unit— van unit— wet unit* * *1) часть; 2) единица -
17 company
bulk petrol (transport) company — Бр. рота подвоза наливного (бестарного) горючего
Commando (oil gas extraction area) company — рота охраны и защиты (нефтегазовых промыслов), рота «команчо»
field company, RE — Бр. саперная рота
field survey company, RE — Бр. полевая топографическая рота инженерных войск
HQ company, US Army — штабная рота штаба СВ США
long-range (reconnaissance) patrol company — рота дальней [глубинной] разведки
special boat company, Royal Marines — Бр. особая [отдельная] рота десантных катеров МП
— AG's company— airborne infantry company— air-mission company light— commandos company— Rangers company— smoke generator company -
18 system
система; комплекс; средство; способ; метод; сеть (напр. дорог) ;aiming-navigation system (analog, digital) — прицельно-навигационная система (аналоговая, цифровая)
air observation, acquisition and fire control system — (бортовая) система воздушной разведки, засечки целей и управления огнем
air support aircraft ECM (equipment) system — (бортовая) система РЭП для самолетов авиационной поддержки
airborne (ground) target acquisition and illumination laser system — ав. бортовая лазерная система обнаружения и подсветки (наземных) целей
airborne (ground) targeting and laser designator system — ав. бортовая лазерная система обнаружения и целеуказания (наземных целей)
airborne laser illumination, ranging and tracking system — ав. бортовая система лазерной подсветки, определения дальности и сопровождения цели
artillery (nuclear) delivery system — артиллерийская система доставки (ядерного) боеприпаса (к цели)
C2 system — система оперативного управления; система руководства и управления
C3 system — система руководства, управления и связи; система оперативного управления и связи
channel and message switching (automatic) communications system — АСС с коммутацией каналов и сообщений
country-fair type rotation system (of instruction) — метод одновременного обучения [опроса] нескольких учебных групп (переходящих от одного объекта изучения к другому)
dual-capable (conventional/nuclear) weapon delivery system — система доставки (обычного или ядерного) боеприпаса к цели
electromagnetic emitters identification, location and suppression system — система обнаружения, опознавания и подавления источников электромагнитных излучений [излучающих РЭС]
field antimissile (missile) system — полевой [войсковой] ПРК
fire-on-the-move (air defense) gun system — подвижный зенитный артиллерийский комплекс для стрельбы в движении [на ходу]
fluidic (missile) control system — ркт. гидравлическая [струйная] система управления полетом
forward (area) air defense system — система ПВО передового района; ЗРК для войсковой ПВО передового района
graduated (availability) operational readiness system — Бр. система поэтапной боевой готовности (частей и соединений)
high-resolution satellite IR detection, tracking and targeting system — спутниковая система с ИК аппаратурой высокой разрешающей способности для обнаружения, сопровождения целей и наведения средств поражения
ICBM (alarm and) early warning satellite system — спутниковая система обнаружения пусков МБР и раннего предупреждения (средств ПРО)
information storage, tracking and retrieval system — система накопления, хранения и поиска информации
instantaneous grenade launcher (armored vehicle) smoke system — гранатомет (БМ) для быстрой постановки дымовой завесы
Precision Location [Locator] (and) Strike system — высокоточная система обеспечения обнаружения и поражения целей; высокоточный разведывательно-ударный комплекс
rapid deceleration (parachute) delivery system — парашютная система выброски грузов с быстрым торможением
real time, high-resolution reconnaissance satellite system — спутниковая разведывательная система с высокой разрешающей способностью аппаратуры и передачей информации в реальном масштабе времени
received signal-oriented (output) jamming signal power-adjusting ECM system — система РЭП с автоматическим регулированием уровня помех в зависимости от мощности принимаемого сигнала
sea-based nuclear (weapon) delivery system — система морского базирования доставки ядерного боеприпаса к цели
small surface-to-air ship self-defense (missile) system — ЗРК ближнего действия для самообороны корабля
Status Control, Alerting and Reporting system — система оповещения, контроля и уточнения состояния [боевой готовности] сил и средств
surface missile (weapon) system — наземный [корабельный] РК
target acquisition, rapid designation and precise aiming system — комплекс аппаратуры обнаружения цели, быстрого целеуказания и точного прицеливания
— ABM defense system— antimissile missile system— central weapon system— countersurprise military system— laser surveying system— tank weapon system— vertical launching system— weapons system -
19 committee
committee on Government Operations (US House of Representatives) — комиссия по деятельности правительственных органов (палаты представителей конгресса США)
Counter Insurgency committee (of the White House) — комитет (Белого дома) по борьбе с национально-освободительным и повстанческим движениями
Deputy Secretaries committee, NSC — комитет заместителей министров при СНБ
Foreign Intelligence committee, NSC — комитет по внешней разведке СНБ
Intelligence committee, NSC — разведывательный комитет СНБ
Military Liaison committee, Department of Energy — комитет министерства энергетики по связям с ВС
NATO Command, Control and Information Systems and Automatic Data Processing committee — комитет НАТО по АСУ и системам автоматической обработки данных
Policy Review committee, NSC — комитет по оценке политики при СНБ (возглавляется директором ЦРУ)
Special Coordination committee, NSC — специальный координационный комитет СНБ
— ordnance technical committee -
20 World War II
(1939-1945)In the European phase of the war, neutral Portugal contributed more to the Allied victory than historians have acknowledged. Portugal experienced severe pressures to compromise her neutrality from both the Axis and Allied powers and, on several occasions, there were efforts to force Portugal to enter the war as a belligerent. Several factors lent Portugal importance as a neutral. This was especially the case during the period from the fall of France in June 1940 to the Allied invasion and reconquest of France from June to August 1944.In four respects, Portugal became briefly a modest strategic asset for the Allies and a war materiel supplier for both sides: the country's location in the southwesternmost corner of the largely German-occupied European continent; being a transport and communication terminus, observation post for spies, and crossroads between Europe, the Atlantic, the Americas, and Africa; Portugal's strategically located Atlantic islands, the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde archipelagos; and having important mines of wolfram or tungsten ore, crucial for the war industry for hardening steel.To maintain strict neutrality, the Estado Novo regime dominated by Antônio de Oliveira Salazar performed a delicate balancing act. Lisbon attempted to please and cater to the interests of both sets of belligerents, but only to the extent that the concessions granted would not threaten Portugal's security or its status as a neutral. On at least two occasions, Portugal's neutrality status was threatened. First, Germany briefly considered invading Portugal and Spain during 1940-41. A second occasion came in 1943 and 1944 as Great Britain, backed by the United States, pressured Portugal to grant war-related concessions that threatened Portugal's status of strict neutrality and would possibly bring Portugal into the war on the Allied side. Nazi Germany's plan ("Operation Felix") to invade the Iberian Peninsula from late 1940 into 1941 was never executed, but the Allies occupied and used several air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands.The second major crisis for Portugal's neutrality came with increasing Allied pressures for concessions from the summer of 1943 to the summer of 1944. Led by Britain, Portugal's oldest ally, Portugal was pressured to grant access to air and naval bases in the Azores Islands. Such bases were necessary to assist the Allies in winning the Battle of the Atlantic, the naval war in which German U-boats continued to destroy Allied shipping. In October 1943, following tedious negotiations, British forces began to operate such bases and, in November 1944, American forces were allowed to enter the islands. Germany protested and made threats, but there was no German attack.Tensions rose again in the spring of 1944, when the Allies demanded that Lisbon cease exporting wolfram to Germany. Salazar grew agitated, considered resigning, and argued that Portugal had made a solemn promise to Germany that wolfram exports would be continued and that Portugal could not break its pledge. The Portuguese ambassador in London concluded that the shipping of wolfram to Germany was "the price of neutrality." Fearing that a still-dangerous Germany could still attack Portugal, Salazar ordered the banning of the mining, sale, and exports of wolfram not only to Germany but to the Allies as of 6 June 1944.Portugal did not enter the war as a belligerent, and its forces did not engage in combat, but some Portuguese experienced directly or indirectly the impact of fighting. Off Portugal or near her Atlantic islands, Portuguese naval personnel or commercial fishermen rescued at sea hundreds of victims of U-boat sinkings of Allied shipping in the Atlantic. German U-boats sank four or five Portuguese merchant vessels as well and, in 1944, a U-boat stopped, boarded, searched, and forced the evacuation of a Portuguese ocean liner, the Serpa Pinto, in mid-Atlantic. Filled with refugees, the liner was not sunk but several passengers lost their lives and the U-boat kidnapped two of the ship's passengers, Portuguese Americans of military age, and interned them in a prison camp. As for involvement in a theater of war, hundreds of inhabitants were killed and wounded in remote East Timor, a Portuguese colony near Indonesia, which was invaded, annexed, and ruled by Japanese forces between February 1942 and August 1945. In other incidents, scores of Allied military planes, out of fuel or damaged in air combat, crashed or were forced to land in neutral Portugal. Air personnel who did not survive such crashes were buried in Portuguese cemeteries or in the English Cemetery, Lisbon.Portugal's peripheral involvement in largely nonbelligerent aspects of the war accelerated social, economic, and political change in Portugal's urban society. It strengthened political opposition to the dictatorship among intellectual and working classes, and it obliged the regime to bolster political repression. The general economic and financial status of Portugal, too, underwent improvements since creditor Britain, in order to purchase wolfram, foods, and other materials needed during the war, became indebted to Portugal. When Britain repaid this debt after the war, Portugal was able to restore and expand its merchant fleet. Unlike most of Europe, ravaged by the worst war in human history, Portugal did not suffer heavy losses of human life, infrastructure, and property. Unlike even her neighbor Spain, badly shaken by its terrible Civil War (1936-39), Portugal's immediate postwar condition was more favorable, especially in urban areas, although deep-seated poverty remained.Portugal experienced other effects, especially during 1939-42, as there was an influx of about a million war refugees, an infestation of foreign spies and other secret agents from 60 secret intelligence services, and the residence of scores of international journalists who came to report the war from Lisbon. There was also the growth of war-related mining (especially wolfram and tin). Portugal's media eagerly reported the war and, by and large, despite government censorship, the Portuguese print media favored the Allied cause. Portugal's standard of living underwent some improvement, although price increases were unpopular.The silent invasion of several thousand foreign spies, in addition to the hiring of many Portuguese as informants and spies, had fascinating outcomes. "Spyland" Portugal, especially when Portugal was a key point for communicating with occupied Europe (1940-44), witnessed some unusual events, and spying for foreigners at least briefly became a national industry. Until mid-1944, when Allied forces invaded France, Portugal was the only secure entry point from across the Atlantic to Europe or to the British Isles, as well as the escape hatch for refugees, spies, defectors, and others fleeing occupied Europe or Vichy-controlled Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. Through Portugal by car, ship, train, or scheduled civil airliner one could travel to and from Spain or to Britain, or one could leave through Portugal, the westernmost continental country of Europe, to seek refuge across the Atlantic in the Americas.The wartime Portuguese scene was a colorful melange of illegal activities, including espionage, the black market, war propaganda, gambling, speculation, currency counterfeiting, diamond and wolfram smuggling, prostitution, and the drug and arms trade, and they were conducted by an unusual cast of characters. These included refugees, some of whom were spies, smugglers, diplomats, and business people, many from foreign countries seeking things they could find only in Portugal: information, affordable food, shelter, and security. German agents who contacted Allied sailors in the port of Lisbon sought to corrupt and neutralize these men and, if possible, recruit them as spies, and British intelligence countered this effort. Britain's MI-6 established a new kind of "safe house" to protect such Allied crews from German espionage and venereal disease infection, an approved and controlled house of prostitution in Lisbon's bairro alto district.Foreign observers and writers were impressed with the exotic, spy-ridden scene in Lisbon, as well as in Estoril on the Sun Coast (Costa do Sol), west of Lisbon harbor. What they observed appeared in noted autobiographical works and novels, some written during and some after the war. Among notable writers and journalists who visited or resided in wartime Portugal were Hungarian writer and former communist Arthur Koestler, on the run from the Nazi's Gestapo; American radio broadcaster-journalist Eric Sevareid; novelist and Hollywood script-writer Frederick Prokosch; American diplomat George Kennan; Rumanian cultural attache and later scholar of mythology Mircea Eliade; and British naval intelligence officer and novelist-to-be Ian Fleming. Other notable visiting British intelligence officers included novelist Graham Greene; secret Soviet agent in MI-6 and future defector to the Soviet Union Harold "Kim" Philby; and writer Malcolm Muggeridge. French letters were represented by French writer and airman, Antoine Saint-Exupery and French playwright, Jean Giroudoux. Finally, Aquilino Ribeiro, one of Portugal's premier contemporary novelists, wrote about wartime Portugal, including one sensational novel, Volframio, which portrayed the profound impact of the exploitation of the mineral wolfram on Portugal's poor, still backward society.In Estoril, Portugal, the idea for the world's most celebrated fictitious spy, James Bond, was probably first conceived by Ian Fleming. Fleming visited Portugal several times after 1939 on Naval Intelligence missions, and later he dreamed up the James Bond character and stories. Background for the early novels in the James Bond series was based in part on people and places Fleming observed in Portugal. A key location in Fleming's first James Bond novel, Casino Royale (1953) is the gambling Casino of Estoril. In addition, one aspect of the main plot, the notion that a spy could invent "secret" intelligence for personal profit, was observed as well by the British novelist and former MI-6 officer, while engaged in operations in wartime Portugal. Greene later used this information in his 1958 spy novel, Our Man in Havana, as he observed enemy agents who fabricated "secrets" for money.Thus, Portugal's World War II experiences introduced the country and her people to a host of new peoples, ideas, products, and influences that altered attitudes and quickened the pace of change in this quiet, largely tradition-bound, isolated country. The 1943-45 connections established during the Allied use of air and naval bases in Portugal's Azores Islands were a prelude to Portugal's postwar membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
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